A Collection of Parrot Literature
Duke University Department of Biology
and Rainforest Expeditions
September 2000
Nycander, E., D. H. Blanco, K. M. Holle, A. d. Campo, C. A. Munn, J. I. Moscoso, and D. G. Ricalde. 1995. Manu and Tambopata: nesting success and techniques for increasing reproduction in wild macaws in southeastern Peru. Pages 423-443 in J. Abramson, B. L. Spear, and J. B. Thomsen, eds. The Large Macaws: Their Care, Breeding and Conservation. Raintree Publications, Ft. Bragg, CA.
Munn, C. A. 1994. Macaws Winged Rainbows. National Geographic 185: 118-140.
Munn, C. A. 1992. Macaw biology and ecotourism, or when a bird in the bush is worth two in the hand. Pages 47-72 in S. R. Beissinger and N. F. R. Snyder, eds. New World Parrots in Crisis. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.
Munn, C. A., D. Blanco, E. Nycander, and D. Ricalde. 1991. Prospects for sustainable use of large macaws in southeastern Peru in J. Clinton-Eitniear, ed. The First Mesoamerican Workshop on the Conservation and Management of Macaws. Center for the Study of Tropical Birds, Inc., Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Diamond, J., K. D. Bishop, and J. D. Gilardi. 1999. Geophagy in New Guinea birds. Ibis 141: 181-193.
Gilardi, J. D., S. S. Duffey, C. A. Munn, and L. A. Tell. 1999. Biochemical functions of geophagy in parrots: detoxification of dietary toxins and cytoprotective effects. Journal of Chemical Ecology 25: 897-922.
Klaus, G., and B. Schmid. 1998. Geophagy at natural licks and mammal ecology: a review. Mammalia 62: 481-497.
Krishnamani, R., and W. C. Hahaney. 2000. Geophagy among primates: adaptive significance and ecological consequences. Animal Behaviour 59: 899-915.
Beissinger, S. R., and E. H. Butcher. 1992. Sustainable harvesting of parrots. Pages 73-115 in S. R. Beissinger and N. F. R. Snyder, eds. New World Parrots in Crisis. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC.
Bonadie, W. A., and P. R. Bacon. 2000. Year-round utilisation of fragmented plam swamp forest by Red-bellied Macaws (Ara manilata) and Orange-winged Parrots (Amazona amazonica) in the Nariva Swamp (Trinidad). Biological Conservation 95: 1-5.
Brightsmith, D. J. 2000. Use of arboreal termitaria by nesting birds in the Peruvian Amazon. Condor 102: 529-538.
Casagrande, D. G., and S. R. Beissinger. 1997. Evaluation of four methods for estimating parrot population size. Condor 99: 445-457.
Chassot, O., and G. M. Arias. 2000. Observaciones de lapas durante la temporada de anidamiento en la Zona Norte de Costa Rica Disminución de la población (1998-2000), Heredia, Costa Rica.
Desenne, P., and S. D. Strahl. 1991. Trade and the conservation status of the family Psittacidae in Vnezuela. Bird Conservation International 1: 153-169.
Dunnings, J. B. 1992. CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses. CRC Press, London.
Enkerlin-Hoeflich, E. C., and K. M. Hogan. 1997. Red-crowned Parrot in A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Birds of North America. The Academy of Natural Sciences and the American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, DC.
Gilardi, J. D., and C. A. Munn. 1998. Patterns of activity, flocking and habitat use in parrots of the Peruvian Amazon. Condor 100: 641-653.
Grenier, J. L., and S. R. Beissinger. 1999. Variation in the onset of incubation in a Neotropical parrot. Condor 101: 752-761.
Higgins, K., D. Janik, and J. Hilburn. 1999. Scarlet Macaw Reintroduction Project. Zoo Ave, San Jose, Costa Rica.
Hilburn, J., and K. Higgins. 2000. Nature Restoration Foundation's Scarlet Macaw Conservation Project Survivorship Update. Nature Restoration Foundation, San Jose, Costa Rica.
Iñigo-Elias, E. E., and M. A. Ramos. 1991. The psittacine trade in Mexico in J. Robinson and K. Redford, eds. Neotropical Wildlife Use and Conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Johnson, M. A., W. M. Tomas, and N. M. R. Guedes. 1997. Density of young manduvi (Sterculia apetala), the Hyacinthine Macaw's nesting tree, under three different management conditions in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. Ararajuba .
Juniper, A. T., and C. Yamashita. 1991. The habitat and status of Spix's Macaw Cyanopsitta spixii. Bird Conservation International 1: 1-9.
Karesh, W. B., A. d. Campo, W. E. Braselton, H. Puche, and R. A. Cook. 1997. Health evaluation of free-ranging and hand-reared macaws (Ara spp.) in Peru. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 28: 368-377.
Lindsey, G. D., W. J. Arendt, and J. Kalina. 1994. Survival and causes of mortality in juvenile Puerto Rican Parrots. Journal of Field Ornithology 65: 76-82.
López-Lanús, B., J. Sócola, and K. Berg. 1998. Biología de Ara ambigua en el Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco y áreas adycentes, Guayas, Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Marsden, S. J. 1999. Estimation of parrot and hornbill densities using a point count distance sampling method. Ibis 141: 377-390.
Marsden, S. J. 1999. Habitat associations of parrots on the Wallacean islands of Buru, Seram and Sumba. Jounal of Biogeography 26.
Martuscelli, P., and C. Yamashita. 1997. Rediscovery of the White-cheeked Parrot Amazona kawalli (Grantasau and Camargo 1989) with notes on its ecology, distribution and taxonomy. Ararajuba 5: 97-113.
Martuschelli, P. 1995. Ecology and conservation of the Red-tailed Amazon (Amazona brasiliensis) in south-eastern Brazil. Bird Conservation International 5: 405-420.
Mawson, P. R., and J. L. Long. 1994. Size and age parameter of nest trees used by four species of parrot and one species of cockatoo in south-west Australia. Emu 94: 149-155.
Stoneman, G. I., M. E. Rayner, and F. J. Bradshaw. 1997. Size and age parameters of nest trees used by four species of parrot and one species of cockatoo in south-west Australia: critique. Emu 97: 94-96.
Mawson, P. R., and J. L. Long. 1997. Size and age of nest trees: a reply to Stoneman, Rayner and Bradshaw (1997). Emu 97: 181-182.
Meyers, J. M. 1994. Improved capture techniques for psittacines. Wildlife Society Bulletin 22: 511-516.
Nader, W., D. Werner, and M. Wink. 1999. Genetic diversity of Scarlet Macaws Ara macao in reintroduction studies for threatened populations in Costa Rica. Biological Conservation 87: 269-272.
Parr, M. 1998. Threatened parrots of Latin America and the Caribbean - - a brief review and summary of conservation status.
Pitter, E., and M. B. Christiansen. 1995. Ecology, status and conservation of the Red-fronted Macaw Ara rubrogenys. Bird Conservation International 5: 61-78.
Powell, G., P. Wright, U. Aleman, C. Guindon, S. Palminteri, and R. Bjork. In Press. Research findings and Conservation Recommendations for the Great Green Macaw (Ara ambigua) in Costa Rica DRAFT. Conservation Biology .
Renton, K. 1998. Ecology and conservation of the Scarlet Macaw in Belize, Annual Report. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Jalisco, Mexico.
Ryan, T. P. 1999. Status and distribution of naturalized parrot populations in the San Francisco Bay Area. .
Sanz, V., and A. Grajal. 1998. Successful reintroduction of captive-raised Yellow-shouldered Amazon Parrots on Margarita Island, Venezuela. Conservation Biology 12: 430-441.
Sick, H. 1993. Birds in Brazil. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ.
Siegel, R. B., W. W. Weathers, and S. R. Beissinger. 1999. Assessing parental effort in a Neotropical parrot: a comparison of methods. Animal Behaviour 57: 73-79.
Snyder, N. F., E. C. Enkerlin-Hoeflich, and M. A. Cruz-Nieto. 1999. Thick-billed Parrot in A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Phillidelphia, PA.
Snyder, N. F. R., S. E. Koenig, J. Koschmann, J. Koschmann, H. A. Snyder, and T. B. Johnson. 1994. Thick-billed Parrot releases in Arizona. Condor 96: 845-862.
Spreyer, M. F., and E. H. Bucher. 1998. Monk Parakeet in A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The Birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
Wright, T. F., C. A. Toft, E. Enkerlin-Hoeflich, et. al. In Press. Nest poaching in Neotropical Parrots. Conservation Biology .
Yamashita, C. 1987. Field observations and comments on the Indigo Macaw, (Andorhynchus leari), a highly endangered species from northeastern Brazil. Wilson Bulletin 99: 280-282.
Yamashita, C. 1997. Andorhynchus macaws as followers of extinct megafauna: an hypothesis. Ararajuba 5: 176-182.
Yamashita, C., and Y. M. d. Barros. 1997. The Blue-throated Macaw Ara glacogularis: characterization of its distinctive habitats in savannahs of the Beni, Bolivia. Ararajuba 5: 141-150.
Yamashita, C., and M. d. P. Valle. 1993. On the linkage between Andorhynchus macaws and plam nuts, and the extinction of the Glaucous Macaw. Bulletin of the British Ornithological Club 113: 53-59.